• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method for manufacturing high value manure and useful by-products from grape stones which, separated by sieving from the cake after aerobic putrefaction, are open by crushing and subjected to a new aerobic putrefaction step. The components of the putrified crushed pips are divided in three fractions of different size particles by means of a sieve, of which the fine fraction contains exclusively, or almost exclusively, germs turned into humus and nutritive tissues turned into humus from the grape stones, the coarse fraction is comprised exclusively of grape stone husks divided into three and four parts and the medium fraction contains small pieces of husks.
    公开号:SU1449011A3
    申请号:SU823434797
    申请日:1982-05-10
    公开日:1988-12-30
    发明作者:Грэфэ Гернот
    申请人:Др.Рер.Нат.Гернот Грэфэ (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to agricultural production, namely to the processing of agricultural inputs for the production of useful products.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase processing efficiency.
    The drawing shows the proposed device that implements this method.
    Grape marc is subjected to aerobic decomposition, decomposition products and bones are separated by sieving, milled separated bones and subjected to additional aerobic decomposition, after which the decomposed bones are divided by sieving into three fractions: a fine fraction with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm, then use dl seedlings of plants and potted soil, an average fraction with a particle size of 0.5-1 mm, used as an initiator of the aerobic decomposition of organic materials, and a large fraction with a particle size more than 1 mm used as a means for absorbing unpleasant odors. At the same time, the fine fraction contains predominantly humified sprouts and humified nutrient tissues of the seed seed. The coarse fraction consists mostly of the walls of the seed, divided into 3 and 4 parts, and the middle fraction includes smaller pieces of the walls of the seed, on the surface of which are spores of microorganisms.
    The coarse fraction is additionally alkalified with water and dried to improve its properties to absorb unpleasant odors, while the liquid separated after leaching is a liquid fertilizer containing phytohormones.
    For the separation process, slightly inclined separation drums are used. After separation into fractions, the fraction of the small fraction is 19-20% by volume, the average is 20-30% by volume and the large fraction 50-62% by volume.
    Due to the presence in the middle fraction of spores of 22 types of thermophilic and 39 types of spasophilic microorganisms, which appeared in the process of humification of grape marc, already small amounts of this fraction can cause Tb to decompose various
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    organic materials, supplying them with spores of microorganisms, or at least contributing to these processes, TaKiiM can decompose spoiled feed or food products, feces, garden waste, etc. By decomposition, the humified part can be separated, the remaining bones can be reused, as the initiator of the decomposition of organic materials.
    Example 1. A coarse fraction from the decomposing pits is used as an odor trap when humifying feces. The feces are decomposed in a chamber with double walls of melted metal (figure 1). The wall of the chamber is formed by two parts 1 and 2 of a semi-cylindrical shape, which when assembled form a cylinder. Each part of the stack consists of an inner casing 3 and an outer 4, which are tightly connected at the bottom by a ribbon of their sheet metal of semicircular shape. The outer casing is equipped with a half ring 5, a predominant L-shaped profile, which is rigidly connected to the casing and provided with a handle 6. The bottom between the inner and outer covers and both half rings give parts 1 and 2 sufficient strength. In addition, the covers are connected to each other by means of expansion bolts 7. At the edges with which parts 1- and 2 collide with each other, the walls of cylinder 3 and 4 are connected each by one tape 8, so that between walls 3 and 4 an annular cavity appears, formed at the bottom by a bottom, from the side by ribbons 8 of sheet metal, and from the inside and outside by a crushed metal. Both parts 1 and 2 are connected to each other, for example, a plug connection 9.
    A large fraction is placed in an annular cavity, and feces are placed in the center. The distance between the walls 3 and 4 can be 2-10 cm. There you can also place a heat exchange pipe, with which you can remove heat from the odor-trapping layer. The camera mounted on a flat bottom closes on top of the introduction of feces. Due to the air permeability of the odor-trapping layer, oxygen can enter the chamber to ensure microbial decomposition of the chamber contents. This camera fits especially
    for the placement of humus collections in it. Humus is introduced into the chamber in a hot state, due to which parasites and feces are contained in the faeces and the pathogens are completely decomposed with minimal odor and without pollution of the environment. The decomposed product is a fertilizer that is suitable for growing vegetables. The process of decomposition can be accelerated by placing on the bottom of the chamber a non-decomposed coarse grinding of stones and making them time to feces. Double ring cam
    It retains heat, prevents odor from getting out, and ensures that oxygen enters the chamber.
    The property of a large fraction of absorbing unpleasant odors is increased and persists for a long time if it is leached out beforehand with water, since after that a part of the spores are removed from the surface of the ground stones, as a result of which their active surface increases.
    During various tests with waste from the disposal of corpses, animals, and especially when using fractions of ground stones in chemical (dry) toilets, it was established that the separation of the small fraction is advantageous. This ensures the permeability of the pore system for the exchange of gases. And this is important in the case when using private fractions of milled seeds. If a mixture with coarse sawdust is applied, these differences between the sizes of the fractions are equalized, since in this case the system of pores is created by sawdust.
    Leaching coarse fractions of crushed seeds leached out results in a decrease in the fine fraction rich in nitrogen and their ability to assimilate nitrogen-rich substances, such as extremes or urine, increases.
    EXAMPLE 2 5 cells were prepared from a microlon with 7 mice each, in which there were various bedding materials.
    For comparison purposes, coarse sawdust was used as a bedding material. The applied fractions of ground seeds had the following dimensions:







    15
    ten
    35
    2 25
    1) fine fractions of ground seeds, grain sizes up to 0.5 mm;
    2) the average fraction of ground seeds, grain size of 0.5-1.0 Üch;
    3) coarse non-leached fractions of milled seeds, grain sizes above 1 mm;
    4) coarse leached fractions of ground ksdtochek, grain sizes above 1 mm.
    These fractions were applied twice in pure form and twice in a mixture with three parts of sawdust, respectively.
    The overall result: regardless of whether the fractions of ground bones were used in pure form or mixed with sawdust, in each case it was established that litter with a certain fraction of crushed bone fractions removes unpleasant odor much better than litter consisting of only from sawdust.
    If the litter consists only of sawdust, the very next day the smell of urine was noticed, and after one more day, this smell was already well visible, growing stronger with each 30th the next day.
    The first series of tests with pure fractions of milled seeds was completed after 12 days. At this time, none of the four cells with fractions of milled seeds had the typical smell of mice. Small fractions of milled bones had a slightly unpleasant sweetish smell, like a banana. The average fractions of the ground seeds of pahpi are slightly soil or coffee. Both cells with coarse fractions of milled seeds smelled a little bit of coffee, and did not have the typical smell of crush.
    In the second series of tests, the fractions were mixed with sawdust. After 3 days, the smell of urine was noticed.
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    consisting only of sawdust. Of
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    ki,
    Four cells with milled seed fractions noticed the strongest smell in the cell with fine fractions of milled seed, although the litter did not smell like urine.
    As a result of the further development, all types of litter with ground stones had a high microbial effect, which also translates into extremities of mice and causes a composting effect. In this coarse vyhochechen514
    The crushed seed fractions showed the least intrinsic odor, but after replacing the litter after 3 weeks, it was noticed that, due to the high microbial effect, the ammonia values in the pore system were higher. A similar situation was established in other fractions.
    EXAMPLE 3: Short-term test regarding the content of a coarse, leached fraction of ground bones on a litter to reduce unpleasant odor.
    Test conditions.
    1. In standard cages for the maintenance of type 3 mice, 1.3 albino mice were placed.
    Litter material: a layer of thickness of 5 cm coarsely expressed fraction of ground bones.
    The cells remained for 2 weeks in the small room of the institute, where they were not cleaned for this period.
    2. Control test; 2 cages, the same number of animals as in the previous test.
    Litter material: a layer of 5 cm thick mixture of peat and oolomy.
    The cells in this case remained in the same room for 14 days.
    In both cases, only granulated dry food was used.
    Result. one). Throughout the test period, no typical smell of feces or urine of the mice was observed in the room.
    2). The typical smell of wheels on the wils was already on the 3rd day of the test period and after one week it became so sharp that it replaced the litter
    The separation into fractions is possible even before the decomposition of the ground bones, but in this case the subsequent decomposition of the large fraction is very slow. The decomposition of ground, but not separated, bones proceeds much faster, since the large constituent parts of the bones improve the porosity of the total mass, providing a better operation.
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    An example. in small vessels, the above three fractions and their aqueous or concentrated extract were added to 350 g of porous pieces of expanded clay concrete used as a substrate. In the vessels, lettuce was grown with a planting density of 10 plants per vessel for .60 days with a relative humidity of 75% and an illumination intensity of 18,000 lux. Watering was performed with desalted water. At the end of the growing period, the dry matter of the harvested crop was determined. The repetition of the experience is 3 times. The results of the experiments are given in the table.
    The second series of experiments was carried out with klopovnik under similar conditions, but in large vessels with the content of the same substrate of 500 g. The dry matter content in the harvested crop was determined after 20 days of feeding.
    The fractions obtained according to the proposed method on the salad were introduced in quantities of 35, 17, 14 g / vessel, and extracts - 25.50,100 ml / vessel, and on the hlopchipa - 10.20 and 40 g / vessel, and water extracts - 50,100 and 200 ml / / vessel.
    From the presented data it follows that the fine fertilizer properties are possessed by the fine fraction. The aqueous extract obtained by leaching the coarse fraction can also be used for fertilizer.
    Thus, the advantage of fractionation lies in the fact that the fine and coarse fractions are given by materials which, in the respective field of application, have advantages in comparison with the milled decomposed stones obtained by a known method. The middle fraction has approximately the same quality as the known agent, therefore it is fractionated to obtain mainly small and large fractions, respectively fertilizer and deodorizing agent.
    Formula of invention
    The medium and coarse fractions can be used together, for example, the coarse - as an absorbing layer in the humus collector, and the middle - for periodical sprinkling of feces.
    1. A method of processing grape marc, including their aerobic decomposition, separation of decomposition products and seeds by sifting, grinding the stones and their subsequent aerobic decomposition, distinguishes 1-4490
    u and, in order to increase the efficiency of processing, the bones after decomposition are further separated by sieving into a fraction with a particle size of less than 0.5 mm — fertilizer for seedlings of plants and potted soil, a fraction with a particle size of 0.5–5 1.0 mm - initiator of aerobic decomposition of organic materials and Q fraction with a particle size of more than
    Medium fraction -
    Average fraction Small fraction
    Aqueous extract of coarse fraction
    Also
    Concentrated aqueous extract of a large fraction
    Also
    118.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1.0 mm - means for absorbing unpleasant odors.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to increase the effectiveness of the means for absorbing unpleasant odors, the coarse fraction with a particle size of more than 1.0 mm is additionally leached with water and dried.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ZA816339B|1982-09-29|
    YU219981A|1984-02-29|
    YU44419B|1990-08-31|
    HU182410B|1984-01-30|
    IT8168191D0|1981-09-10|
    GR75027B|1984-07-12|
    PT73647A|1981-10-01|
    ES515036A0|1984-05-01|
    ES8303267A1|1983-02-01|
    US4801325A|1989-01-31|
    ATA458680A|1983-01-15|
    ES505326A0|1983-02-01|
    DE3152343C1|1986-12-11|
    BR8108787A|1982-08-10|
    CH650235A5|1985-07-15|
    AU545862B2|1985-08-01|
    ES8404197A1|1984-05-01|
    FR2489813B1|1984-11-16|
    DE3152343D2|1982-09-23|
    PT73647B|1982-11-17|
    WO1982000999A1|1982-04-01|
    AT372067B|1983-08-25|
    AU7459881A|1982-04-14|
    FR2489813A1|1982-03-12|
    IT1144772B|1986-10-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR458344A|1912-07-09|1913-10-08|Enrique Disdier|Process for treating grape marc with a view to extracting the various useful products they contain|
    FR650254A|1927-03-02|1929-01-07|Ind Waste Eliminators Ltd|Method and apparatus for the treatment of vegetable waste|
    FR928584A|1946-06-04|1947-12-02|Process for using and enhancing the by-products of winemaking|
    FR988110A|1949-06-09|1951-08-23|Complete fertilizers|
    FR1426053A|1959-01-29|1966-01-28|Product obtained from vinification and distillation-manufacturing marcs|
    AT344210B|1976-07-07|1978-07-10|Graefe Gernot|PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY THIN FROM FRUIT STUDS THROUGH THEIR AEROBIC FERMENTATION|
    DE2729379C2|1976-07-07|1987-03-26|Gernot Dr.Rer.Nat. Donnerskirchen At Graefe|EP0403586A1|1988-06-23|1990-12-27|Heves Megyei Telepulestisztasagi Vallalat|Process for disposing of organic refuse, in particular organic refuse in the packing and foodstuffs industries, and oil-containing organic refuse|
    US5052570A|1989-07-31|1991-10-01|Roderic Johansen|Composting bin apparatus with U-shaped connecting members|
    DE4040771C1|1990-12-19|1992-07-30|Mfe Marienfelde Gmbh Unternehmen Fuer Ernaehrung, 8542 Roth, De|
    DE4203720C2|1992-02-08|1994-10-20|Erich Asam|Method and device for producing a fertilizer from grape pomace|
    FR3023452B1|2014-07-11|2016-07-08|Prp Holding|USE OF AN ORGANO-MINERAL COMPOSITION TO INCREASE THE ASSIMILATION OF NUTRIENT ELEMENTS OF SOIL BY THE PLANT|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT458680A|AT372067B|1980-09-11|1980-09-11|METHOD FOR PRODUCING DUENGER AND USEFUL BY-PRODUCTS|
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